Environments

IRSR - Invisionix Roaming System Remote - Grid Computing style meta system which utilizes the Internet's existing web hosting 'grid' as its platform. It's effectively a distributed private/portable PC system built by integrating existing Open Source components.
http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/irsr/

Tuning and Analysis Utilities - A visual programming and performance analysis environment. Papers and manual.
http://www.cs.uoregon.edu/research/tau/

HeNCE - Heterogeneous Network Computing Environment is a software environment designed to help programmers write parallel programs. Source code and users guide.
http://www.netlib.org/hence/

Harness Project - Papers about research into a parallel plug-in interface and distributed peer-to-peer control builds on the concept of the Distributed Virtual Machine.
http://www.csm.ornl.gov/harness/

TreadMarks - Distributed Shared Memory System - Provides a global shared address space across a cluster. Papers and documentation.
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~willy/TreadMarks/overview.html

Tons Of Numerical Services - To produce a computing environment that will provide an alternative to MatLab, Octave, RLab, and the others (maybe even C/Fortran + MPI). The environment will have to consist of a good language, visualization capabilities, and an effective computing engine. TONS will automatically parallelize code. This will make it possible to write software _once_ and run on any cluster configuration without new tuning or rewriting of the code
http://www.sslug.dk/TONS/

Proteus Programming System - An architecture-independent parallel programming language, with translators for specific environments. Papers and binaries.
http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/proteus/

P4 - Macros and subroutines for writing parallel programs in both C and Fortran. Manual, papers, and source code.
http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/~lusk/p4/

Eiffel Parallel Execution Environment - An object oriented design framework for programming distributed memory parallel computers. Publications bibliography.
http://www.irisa.fr/pampa/EPEE/epee.html

BMDFM (Binary Modular DataFlow Machine) - Automatical parallel execution of sequential applications on SMP computers. Identifies all parallelism by static and dynamic scheduling. No parallelizing directives are required. Uses Dataflow.
http://bmdfm.de/